Plant Chemistry

Plants are far more ingenious chemists than we are. Dennis McKenna decodes the molecular logic behind traditional medicine — from the first photon captured by chlorophyll to the alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics that have shaped human healing for millennia.

“Plants substitute biosynthesis for behavior. They can’t run, they can’t fight — so they use chemistry to mediate every relationship they have with the world. Once you understand that, traditional medicine stops being a catalogue of folk remedies and becomes something much more rational: a record of what plants have been communicating all along”

Trace the complete biosynthetic map — from photosynthesis through primary metabolites to the major classes of secondary compounds

Understand why plants produce secondary metabolites and what ecological roles they play: defense, semiosis, and symbiosis

Identify the structural features of phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and other compound classes that determine their biological activity

Apply pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic frameworks to interpret how plant compounds interact with animal physiology

Evaluate traditional medicinal plant use against the chemistry of the plant — understanding why a plant is used the way it is

Appreciate the molecular diversity of the plant kingdom and why biodiversity loss represents an irreversible loss of chemical knowledge

  • Introduction to Plant Chemistry
  • Photosynthesis: The Foundation of Plant Chemistry and Life
  • From Photosynthesis to Secondary Metabolites
  • Secondary Metabolites
  • Overview of the Main Categories of Secondary Metabolites
  • What do the Lines Mean?
  • Three Main Categories of Secondary Metabolites
  • Module 1 Quiz
  • Simple Phenols
  • Glycosides
  • Lignans and Lignin
  • Flavonoids
  • Pharmacodynamics of Flavonoids
  • Tannins & Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs)
  • Pharmacodynamics/kinetics of Tannins
  • Coumarins & Furanocoumarins
  • Pharmacodynamics of Coumarins
  • Pharmacodynamics of Furanocoumarins
  • Anthraquinones
  • Pharmacodynamics of Anthraquinones
  • Module 2 Quiz
  • Cyanogenic Glycosides
  • Amygdaline and Laetrile
  • Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates
  • Pharmacodynamics of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates
  • Module 3 Quiz
  • Pungent Principles
  • Pharmacodynamics of Pungent Principles
  • Scoville Heat Scale
  • Essential Oils
  • Essential Oils – Chemistry
  • Pharmacodynamics of Essential Oils
  • Resins
  • Pharmacodynamics of Resins
  • Mucilages & Gums
  • Pharmacodynamics of Mucilages & Gums
  • Terpenoids
  • Terpenoid Taxonomy
  • Triterpenes
  • Plant Steroids
  • Saponins
  • Pharmacodynamics of Saponins
  • Tetraterpenes
  • Tetraterpenes and Vision
  • Module 4 Quiz
  • Cardiac Glycosides
  • Pharmacodynamics of Cardiac Glycosides
  • Module 5 Quiz
  • Alkaloids
  • Structural Classes of Alkaloids
  • Pharmacodynamics of Alkaloids
  • The 19th Century: The Age of Alkaloids
  • Module 6 Quiz
  • The Plant Kingdom Contains Enormous Molecular Diversity

Introduction to Plant Chemistry

Dennis McKenna opens by establishing the core argument of the entire course: that we value plants for their chemical ingenuity — and that plants are far more accomplished chemists than any human. He explains why understanding plant chemistry provides a rational basis for evaluating traditional medicine, connecting the biological activity of a plant’s constituents to the reasons it has been used the way it has.

Dennis McKenna, PhD Ethnopharmacologist · President & Founder

Dennis McKenna, PhD

Dennis McKenna has spent fifty years in the field — the Peruvian Amazon, the Colombian rainforest, the laboratories of UBC — studying the chemical relationships between plants and the organisms that depend on them. His doctoral research on ayahuasca pharmacology was among the first rigorous biomedical investigations of an Amazonian hallucinogen. As a founding board member of the Heffter Research Institute and key organizer of the Hoasca Project, he helped build the scientific foundation that modern psychedelic research now stands on. Plant Chemistry is the course that sits beneath all of his other work — the molecular bedrock that makes ethnopharmacology legible.

This course sits at the intersection of the Ethnobotany, Psychedelics & Science, and the Plant Medicine Traditions pathways inside the Living Library — bringing fieldwork, cross-cultural documentation, and laboratory pharmacology together around a phenomenon that has been overlooked for nearly a century. Members who explore this course also tend to go deep on:

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