ESPD 60

Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs

ESPD 60
SPEAKERS

Manuel Torres

Manuel Torres

Art History Professor

From the Monumental to the Intimate

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Abstract

One of the better known monumental stone sculptures that define the archaeological center of Tiahuanaco is the Gate of the Sun, a portal to other realms. The gateway shares many of its iconographic elements with the paraphernalia to inhale psychedelic snuff powders. I will compare a spectacular snuff tray in the collection of the Denver Art Museum that depicts a feline figure surrounded by a variety of entities providing access to other worlds. The stone monumental gateway contrasts with the intimate wooden snuff fray plated with gold, inlaid with spondylus shell and precious stones. I propose that the inhaled psychoactive substances allow access to modified states of consciousness in an intimate context while the monumental gate permits a collective and public event. The relevance of the study of the past is appropriate in this moment when drug legalization is discussed detached from everyday life. We can see ourselves as archaeologists from the future collecting the detritus of past civilizations that we hope could teach us how to properly handle this opportunity for renewal. Thus, emphasizing the importance of looking at past moments as models when human beings were confronted with the opportunity to change our life. This presentation is supplemented by other monumental gates at Tiahuanaco and the neighboring site of Puma Punku. A total of nine gates plus numerous smaller gates exist at these two locations, plus 64 Tiahuanaco style snuffing kits found at the San Pedro de Atacama oasis document intimate moments of pre-Columbian psychedelic events.


Biography

Constantino Manuel Torres is Professor Emeritus, Art and Art History Department, at Florida International University in Miami. He has conducted research on ancient cultures of the South Central Andes since 1982. His work has concentrated on the San Pedro de Atacama oasis, Chile, and the use of Anadenanthera-based snuffs. His books include Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America (2006), co-authored with David Repke, a comprehensive and detailed study of this plant’s continuous use over the past 4,000 years. He has published numerous peer-reviewed articles and book chapters. Torres organized several symposia on the art and archaeology of the Andes for the International Congress of Americanists and for the Society for American Archaeology. He has been the recipient of three Fulbright Fellowships.